Control of Pollution and Ecosystem Destruction in Coastal and Marine Areas; Strategies and Technical Applications

Indonesia is coastal and marine areas are known to have a very high potential for marine fisheries resources, estimated at around 6.0-6.7 million tons of fish per year (sustainable catch). However, despite this potential, their utilization often neglects environmental sustainability. Many fishing practices damage aquatic biological resource ecosystems, such as the use of explosives and poison (KCN) as fishing gear. Additionally, coastal areas are known to be centers of human activity, including settlements, industry, marine transportation infrastructure, mining, and agriculture. As a result of waste from these human activities, the potential of aquatic biological resource ecosystems is declining. To anticipate possible pollution and/or damage to resource ecosystems in coastal areas, it is necessary to control human activities that could impact coastal and marine environments. Such control measures may include prevention, mitigation, and/or restoration of the impacts of human activities that have the potential to pollute and/or damage the marine environment.